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Part 4: Genomic Analysis Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition Review
  1. A mutation is a in DNA sequence and can occur spontaneously or be by an external agent (mutagen).
     
     
     
     
  2. shifts in nucleotides can result in mutations due to anomalous base pairing.
     
     
     
     
  3. DNA base damage by can also lead to mutation.
     
     
     
     
  4. Other chemical mutagens include agents which donate an alkyl group to nucleotides.
     
     
     
     
  5. In general, base can lead to mutations during DNA replication.
     
     
     
     
  6. dyes cause mutations by intercalating between purines and pyrimidines.
     
     
     
     
  7. High energy radiation such as (UV) light, rays, rays, and rays are also mutagenic.
     
     
     
     
  8. repeat sequences can cause several human genetic disorders.
     
     
     
     
  9. The test uses bacteria selected for their sensitivity to specific types of mutagenesis to screen compounds for potential mutagenicity.
     
     
     
     
  10. repair can restore gaps created during DNA replication due to damaged nucleotides.
     
     
     
     
  11. repair in prokaryotes can remove thymine dimers caused by UV light.
     
     
     
     
  12. Two types of excision repair can also repair damaged DNA: excision repair (BER) and excision repair (NER).
     
     
     
     
  13. elements (transposons or "jumping genes") can move within the genome. 
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
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